  <div id="pagebody_outline">    <div id="left_box">      <div class="life_title_box">        <div class="life_titie_box_top">        <!-- Image -->        </div>        <div class="midashi">Monthly RwandaVol.12 by MR mito </div>        <div class="life_titie_box_bottom">        <!-- Image -->        </div>      </div>      <div id="article">                  <div id="article_left">                                                                      </div>                <div id="article_right">Monthly RwandaVol.12 September 30, 2008 　(Page 1/2) <br /><br />Reported by Toshikazu MITO @UNDP Rwanda 　mitotoshi@gmail.com <br /><br />＜バイオ燃料プロジェクト＞<br /><br />（概要）<br />今回の話題は妻が主に自費で行うルワンダでのバイオ燃料の実証実験です。私も時折、関係活動<br />を支援しています。対象は「ジャトロファ・カーカス」(和名・南洋油桐)という木で米大陸の<br />原産ですが、アフリカへ植民地時代に持ち込まれました。木は乾燥に非常に強く、旱魃下でも<br /><br /><img alt="%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8001.JPG" src="https://www.yokosojapan.net/mt/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8001.JPG" width="300" height="430" /><br />乾期のジャトロファJatropha in dry season<br /><img alt="ruwanda02.JPG" src="https://www.yokosojapan.net/mt/ruwanda02.JPG" width="300" height="460" /><br /><br /><br />その葉をあえて落とすことで生き延びます。また木は有毒とされており、家畜を捕食者から守るのにも使われいま。そのため、アフリカ導入の主目的は森林減少防止用と柵用としてでした。<br />近年、ジャトロァは別の点である意味ブームとなっています。種子は約40％の油が含まれており抽出原油は調理燃料や照明に使え（その油で石鹸を作っいる人もいます）。さらに、精製すればバイオ・ディーゼルもなります。乾燥に強く非食用とう点を踏えると、ジャトロファを耕作不適地や田畑縁植栽し、新たな燃料源と収入源にできる可能性があります。<br />しかし、ルワンダにおけるジャトロファの適合性や生産性に関し信頼できるデータはありません。<br />人口密度が高く比較的水が豊かな国なため、広大で乾燥した農園排他的にジャトロファを植えるというバイオ・ディーゼル生産用によくあるジャトロファの植え方はルワンダに合い加えてジャトロファを植えることによる生態系へ及ぼす害のリスクついて、お金の面で成り立つかどうかと共に検証を行う必要があります。妻が小規模調査を行い、ジャトロファ事業のルワンダでの可能性について基礎データを集めているのはそためです。<br /><br /><Bio-fuel project> (Outline) <br /><br />The topic of this issue is about a feasibility study in Rwanda on bio-fuel initiated by my <br />Jatropha seeds <br /><br />wife with mainly her own expense. I am sometimes supporting her relating activities. <br />The target is a specific tree called Jatropha Carcus. Jatropha is a tree native in the <br />American continent but was introduced to Africa during the colonial period. The tree is <br />very strong against dryness and it can even survive under drought by intentionally <br />falling its leaves. Also, the tree is recognized as poisonous and some people were using <br />it to keep domestic animals away from the predators. Thus, two primary intentions of <br />the original introduction to Africa were for anti-deforestation and as a fence tree. <br /><br />Recently, Jatropha is in a way booming due to another aspect. The seeds contain about <br />40% of oil and the extracted crude oil can be used for cooking heat and lighting (some <br />are already producing soaps from the oil). Moreover, after the refinery, the oil can be <br />utilized as bio-diesel. Considering its features of dryness resistance and non-edibleness, <br />Jatropha has a potential to be planted at non-arable areas and at the rim of crop fields <br />and to produce a new energy source and income generating opportunity. <br /><br />However, there is no reliable data available on the adaptability and productivity of <br />Jatropha in Rwanda. As a highly populated and relatively water-rich country, a typical <br />way of planting Jatropha for bio-diesel production where the trees are exclusively <br />planted at a huge dry plantation does not fit in Rwanda. Additionally, risks of ecological <br />damage caused by planting Jatropha in Rwanda must be investigated as well as its <br />financial robustness. This is why my wife is conducting a small scale study and <br />collecting basic data to find out whether Jatropha project is feasible in Rwanda. <br /><br />Currently, she has collected several types of Jatropha seeds from Kenya, China, <br />Thailand, Mali, and some parts of Rwanda (it turned out that Jatropha oil was once <br />used for gun maintenance when Belgium was colonizing Rwanda, and now the trees <br />are growing some parts of Rwanda without being used) and baby trees germinated <br />from the seeds are planted around ten sites of Rwanda with different soils and <br />climate/geographical conditions. So far, about 4,000 Jatropha seeds have been <br />germinated and 40% of them are already transplanted to the feasibility study sites. <br /><br /><br />Jatropha crude oil on fire<br />燃焼するジャトロファ原油<br />幼木（葉のある・無し<br /><br />Baby trees with and without leaves Monthly RwandaVol.12 September 30, 2008　　(Page 2/2) <br /><br />Reported by Toshikazu MITO @UNDP Rwanda 　mitotoshi@gmail.com <br /><br />==＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝<br /><br /><strong>三戸氏の経歴</strong><br /><br />☆2007年7月：西州の知事と全市長と会合を開き、ジャトロファを紹介<br />☆12月～翌年２月：新たに現地パートナーの捜索。事業コーディネーターとして地元の農業博士を見つける。同時に、アシスタント（経緯）みを断念として新卒の農業技術者を選考<br />３月：ジャトロファバイオ・ディーゼル事業を見るためマリ訪問。大統領表敬訪問。<br /><br />☆2007年10月～翌年３月：ケニア、中国、タイとマリからジャトロファの種子を収集<br />育苗所を西州のニャンジェに確保。発芽作業開始　西州の全市に事業について２回目の説明会<br /><br />☆2008年５～７月：発芽した苗木を８か所に移植（南州１、東州１、西州６）<br />☆６月：事業に関日本の企業家から寄附を受ける９間作物とて果物と野菜の種子を確保。<br />直接関わる３人全員が大きな自動車事故に遭遇実証実験地（移植先：黄色８か所、予定：赤２か所、育苗所：青１か所<br /><br />＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝<br /><br />Feasibility sites (transplanted: 8 in yellow, planned: 2 in red, nursery: 1 in blue) <br /><br />(Progress) <br /><br />☆July 2007: Meeting with the Governor and all district mayors of the Western Province and <br />introduction of Jatropha <br /><br />☆Fall 2007: Communication with one national research institution in Rwanda to ask to create <br />partnership for the feasibility study implementation. The institution showed interests <br />but responses were so slow that the attempt was given up <br /><br />☆Dec. 2007-Feb. 2008: Search for a new local partner. Found one local agricultural professor as a project advisor. Also selected one newly graduated agronomist as an assistant<br /><br />ニャンジェ育苗所Nursery in Nyange <br /><br />Oct. 2007-March 2008: Collection of Jatropha seeds from Kenya, China, Thailand and Mali <br />Feb. 2008: Obtained a nursery station in Nyange of the Western Province. Started germination <br />March 2008: Visited Mali to see a Jatropha bio-diesel project. Met the Malian President <br />May 2008: 2nd presentation on the project to all the districts of the Western Province <br />May-July 2008: Transplantation of germinated seedlings to eight sites (one in the South, one in <br /><br />the East, and six in the West) <br />June 2008: Donation received for the project from a Japanese entrepreneur <br />July 2008: Serious car accident for all the three relating to the project directly <br />Sep. 2008: Obtained fruits and vegetable seeds for intercropping <br /><br />(Challenges/Future prospect) <br /><br />During transplantation, we faced the situation where community people gathered to find a part-<br />time job of transplanting, and some of men were already drunken by local banana beer. We need <br />to be careful that money distributed would be used for the future investment, not for alcohols. <br /><br />It is impossible to secure a vast land for Jatropha plantation. Also, many people in rural areas do <br />not have cars. So, the project is now seeking to establish the system that produces crude oil for <br /><br />移植先<br /><br />local usages as cooking heating oil and lighting oil. As we are back, the next stage is to complete <br />Transplantation sites transplantation at two more sites and start intercropping of obtained fruits and vegetable seeds.  </div>        <div class="both10"></div>      </div>    </div>  <!-- end of left_box -->  </div><!-- end of pagebody_outline -->